What typically causes barotrauma?

Barotrauma is primarily caused by changes in ambient pressure. This condition occurs when there is a difference between the pressure in a gas-filled space within the body (such as the ears, lungs, or sinuses) and the surrounding external pressure. When a diver ascends or descends, the pressure changes rapidly, and if the gas-filled space does not equalize to adjust for this change, it can lead to tissue damage or trauma.

For instance, during ascent, the surrounding water pressure decreases, but if air in the lungs or sinuses does not expand or exit as needed, it can cause significant physical stress and potential injury to the tissues. This is why equalization techniques are crucial for divers to prevent barotrauma. Changes in ambient pressure not only lead to discomfort but can also result in serious injuries if not properly managed.