What is the key treatment for decompression sickness?

The key treatment for decompression sickness is hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This approach involves placing the patient in a hyperbaric chamber, where they breathe pure oxygen at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure. The rationale behind this treatment is multifaceted.

Firstly, hyperbaric oxygen therapy helps reduce the size of nitrogen bubbles that may form in the bloodstream and tissues as a result of rapid ascension in diving activities. When a diver ascends too quickly, nitrogen that has been absorbed at higher pressures can come out of solution rapidly, leading to the formation of these bubbles, which can cause pain, neurological deficits, and other serious complications. The increased pressure allows dissolved nitrogen to return to the blood more effectively, helping to eliminate bubbles.

Additionally, the high concentration of oxygen improves oxygen delivery to tissues and organs that may be experiencing ischemia due to bubble formation. The therapy not only aids in bubble reduction but also promotes healing of damaged tissues, which can be crucial for recovery.

Other treatment options, while they may play supportive roles, do not directly address the fundamental issue of nitrogen bubbles as effectively as hyperbaric oxygen therapy. For example, medications may help relieve symptoms or manage pain, while hydration can support overall well-being but does not resolve bubble-related complications.