What condition results from excessive exposure to high partial pressures of oxygen?

CNS O2 Toxicity, or central nervous system oxygen toxicity, occurs when there is prolonged exposure to elevated partial pressures of oxygen, particularly during hyperbaric conditions such as deep diving. At high pressures, oxygen can become neurotoxic, leading to symptoms that may include seizures, visual disturbances, and other neurocognitive issues.

The underlying cause of CNS O2 Toxicity is that high partial pressures of oxygen can lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can damage cellular structures, particularly neural tissues. Understanding this condition is critical for dive medicine practitioners, as it can pose significant risks for divers and emphasize the need for monitoring exposure to oxygen levels during dives.

Other conditions mentioned in the options do not specifically relate to the direct effects of high oxygen pressure on the central nervous system. Oxygen deprivation relates more to a lack of sufficient oxygen, Hyperbaric Syndrome isn't an established term in this context, and Oxygen Build-up does not accurately describe a medical condition resulting from high partial pressures of oxygen. Thus, CNS O2 Toxicity is clearly the correct and most relevant answer in this context.