In the context of dive medicine, what does barotrauma refer to?

Barotrauma refers specifically to the physical damage that occurs in the body due to changes in pressure, which is particularly relevant in diving contexts. As divers descend into deeper water, the increased water pressure can lead to significant pressure differences between the outside environment and air-filled spaces within the body, such as the ears, sinuses, and lungs. This disparity can cause tissues to become damaged, leading to conditions such as ear barotrauma (pain and possible damage to the tympanic membrane) or lung over-expansion injuries upon ascent if air trapped in the lungs does not properly expel as pressure decreases.

Understanding barotrauma is essential for divers to recognize the risks associated with pressure changes and to adopt safe diving practices, including proper equalization techniques and ascent rates.