How does carbon dioxide buildup affect divers?

The buildup of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body significantly impacts divers due to its physiological effects. As CO2 levels increase in the bloodstream, it can lead to a condition known as hypercapnia. This situation arises when the body receives insufficient oxygen (hypoxia) due to inadequate ventilation or an excess of CO2 accumulation.

A critical consequence of elevated CO2 levels is that it alters the body's acid-base balance, leading to respiratory acidosis. This change can result in an altered mental status, where a diver may experience confusion, impaired judgment, and decreased cognitive function. Furthermore, high levels of CO2 can interfere with the body's ability to utilize oxygen effectively, exacerbating hypoxia and further impairing a diver's performance and safety underwater.

Divers must be aware of these physiological changes as they can severely reduce their ability to function, make sound decisions, and respond appropriately in emergency situations, increasing the risk of accidents and injuries while diving. Understanding the effects of carbon dioxide buildup emphasizes the importance of proper breathing techniques and awareness of one’s physical state during dives.